Factories are purchased and upgraded here. In the factories, you turn the resources you've mined into products. Following details are shown:

• Type of factory
• Factory level
• Production rate
• What is produced
• Which resources are needed to produce
• Duration of the production process
• Visualization of the production progress
• Cancellation of the production
• Sorting the factories in the list
• Instantly finishing production (consumes a giant diamond)

More information about individual factories can be found here